Division 05 - Metals is a section of the MasterFormat construction specification system that covers a wide range of metal-related work on construction projects. It includes everything from structural steel framing to decorative metal components, metal restoration and cleaning, painting and coating, and selective demolition.
One of the main applications of Division 05 is in the construction of buildings and other structures. Structural steel framing, covered under Section 05 12 00, is a common choice for high-rise buildings, bridges, and other large structures due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Steel components such as beams, columns, and trusses are designed, fabricated, and erected on-site to form the structural framework of the building.
In addition to structural steel framing, Division 05 covers the fabrication and installation of various metal components used in buildings, such as stairs, railings, gratings, and ladders. Metal fabrications, as covered in Section 05 50 00, can be customized to fit the specific needs and design of the project.
Decorative metal components, including ornamental railings, gates, and grilles, are covered under Section 05 70 00. These components add an aesthetic appeal to the building. They can be made from a variety of metals, such as steel, aluminum, or brass.
The following sub-sections are standard on most construction projects, so we will delve a bit deeper into each.
Sections 05 1000 and 05 1200
Both deal with structural framing and can cause confusion if you don't know the difference. Let me explain. While they share some similarities, there are key differences between the two sections.
Section 05 1000 covers structural metal framing that is used to support non-load bearing exterior and interior walls, partitions, ceilings, and roofs. This type of framing is typically used in low-rise buildings and can be made from various materials, including steel, aluminum, and other metals. The framing members are designed to resist wind, seismic, and gravity loads, and can be pre-fabricated for easy installation.
On the other hand, Section 05 1200 covers structural steel framing, which is a type of structural metal framing made specifically from steel. Structural steel framing is used to support load-bearing walls, floors, roofs, and other elements in buildings of all types and sizes. It is commonly used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and other large-scale structures. Steel framing members are designed to be strong, durable, and resistant to deformation under load, making them ideal for supporting heavy loads over long spans.
Structural Steel Framing, is designed and constructed to support the weight of a building or structure. Structural steel framing is composed of steel beams, columns, and trusses that are fabricated to exact specifications and assembled on-site to form the structural framework of the building. Steel is a strong and durable material, making it ideal for buildings and structures that require a high degree of strength, such as high-rise buildings, bridges, and stadiums.
The key difference between Section 05 1000 and Section 05 1200 is that the former is used for non load-bearing framing, while the latter is used for structural framing. Non-structural framing, such as metal studs, supports interior walls and ceilings. On the other hand, structural framing is used to support the weight of the entire building or structure. It is critical to its stability and safety.
Another critical difference between the two sections is the materials used. Non-structural metal framing can be made from a number of materials, including steel, aluminum, and light-gauge metal. On the other hand, structural steel framing, as the name implies, is made from steel and is engineered to meet specific load-bearing requirements.
So, in summary, while Sections 05 1000 and 05 1200 both deal with metal framing, they are used for different purposes. Section 05 1000 is used for non-structural framing, while Section 05 1200 is used for structural framing. Non-structural framing is not load-bearing and is typically used in interior walls and ceilings, while structural framing is used to support the weight of the entire building or structure. Additionally, non-structural framing can be made from a variety of materials, while structural steel framing is made from steel and is engineered to meet specific load-bearing requirements.
05 1600 - Architectural Metal Framing Systems
This section covers the design, fabrication, and installation of metal framing systems that are used for architectural purposes, such as the support of glass curtain walls or decorative cladding.
Architectural metal framing systems are designed to meet both aesthetic and structural requirements. Modern building designs often use them to create sleek and contemporary facades. These systems can be made from a variety of metals, such as aluminum, stainless steel, and brass.
One of the primary functions of architectural metal framing systems is supporting glass curtain walls. Curtain walls are exterior walls primarily made up of glass, and they allow natural light to enter the building while maintaining energy efficiency. Metal framing systems are used to hold the glass panels in place and support the glass's weight.
In addition to curtain walls, architectural metal framing systems can also be used for decorative cladding. Cladding is applying one material over another to provide a protective layer or to improve the aesthetic appearance of a building. Metal cladding systems can provide a contemporary look and are often used in modern building designs.
Architectural metal framing systems require specialized design and engineering to meet structural and aesthetic requirements. In addition, they must be able to withstand wind loads, seismic loads, and other environmental factors while also providing the desired look and feel of the building.
05 1700 - Tension Framing Assemblies
Tension framing assemblies are structural systems that rely on tension to support loads, unlike traditional compression-based structural systems.
Tension framing assemblies typically comprise cables, rods, or other tension members attached to structural elements, such as columns or beams. These members are then tensioned to provide support for the loads they are designed to carry. Tension framing assemblies are commonly used in structures such as bridges, towers, and roofs.
One of the primary benefits of tension framing assemblies is their ability to span long distances without the need for intermediate supports. This makes them an ideal solution for structures such as suspension bridges, where long spans are required to cross large bodies of water or deep valleys.
Tension framing assemblies also have a unique aesthetic appeal. Using tension members instead of traditional compression-based members creates a sense of lightness and transparency in the structure. This makes them popular for architects and designers who want to create visually striking and unique structures.
05 2000 - Metal Joists
Metal joists are structural members that are used to support floors, roofs, and ceilings in buildings.
Metal joists are typically made from steel and are available in a variety of shapes and sizes to suit different applications. Common shapes include C-shaped and S-shaped joists, while common sizes range from 8 inches to 16 inches in depth.
One of the primary benefits of metal joists is their strength-to-weight ratio. Steel is a strong and durable material that can support heavy loads without adding excess weight to the structure. This makes metal joists an ideal solution for buildings where strength and durability are critical.
Why use Metal Joists over Wood Joists?
Well, there are several benefits of using metal joists over wood joists in building construction:
Strength and durability: Metal joists are made from steel, which is a stronger and more durable material than wood. This means that metal joists can support heavier loads and are less likely to warp or bend over time.
Consistency: Metal joists are manufactured to strict specifications, which ensures consistency in their size, shape, and strength. This makes it easier for builders to design and construct buildings with a high level of precision.
Fire resistance: Metal joists are non-combustible and do not contribute to the spread of fire in a building. This can help to improve the fire safety of a building and reduce the risk of damage in the event of a fire.
Resistance to pests and rot: Unlike wood, metal is not susceptible to pests such as termites or rot. This means that metal joists are less likely to be damaged by these types of organisms, which can help to extend their lifespan and reduce maintenance costs.
Sustainability: Metal is a recyclable material, meaning it can be reused or repurposed at the end of its life. This makes metal joists a more sustainable option than wood, which is a finite resource.
With all that being said, there are also some potential drawbacks that should be considered. Some of the cons of using metal joists include:
Cost: The upfront cost of metal joists is typically higher than wood joists. This is because metal joists require specialized fabrication and installation processes, which can be more expensive than the processes used for wood joists.
Conductivity: Metal is a highly conductive material, which means that metal joists can conduct heat and cold more readily than wood joists. This can increase heating and cooling costs in buildings with metal joists.
Noise transmission: Metal joists can transmit sound more easily than wood joists, which can be a concern in buildings where noise control is important.
Corrosion: Metal joists can be susceptible to corrosion if improperly protected. This can lead to structural damage over time and reduce the joists' lifespan.
Design limitations: While metal joists can be customized to fit specific building requirements, there may be some limitations to their design flexibility. For example, the size and shape of metal joists may be more limited than the options available for wood joists.
05 3000 -Metal Decking
As specified refers to the use of metal sheets that are used as a structural component to support floors and roofs in buildings. These metal decking systems consist of panels made from steel, aluminum, or other metals that are attached to structural supports, such as beams or joists.
One of the primary benefits of using metal decking is its strength and durability. Metal decking can support heavy loads and is resistant to bending, warping, and cracking, which can be a concern with other types of decking materials such as wood. Additionally, metal decking is fire-resistant and can help to improve the overall fire safety of a building.
It can also be customized to fit specific building requirements. The panels can be cut to various lengths and widths and can be shaped to fit around obstacles such as pipes, ductwork, and other obstructions. This flexibility allows for efficient installation and can reduce the amount of waste generated during the construction process.
Another benefit of metal decking is its sustainability. Many metal decking systems are made from recycled materials, which can help to reduce the environmental impact of a building project. Additionally, metal decking is long-lasting and can be recycled at the end of its life, further reducing its environmental impact.
Sections 05 4000 and 05 4100 of Division 5
Refer to cold-formed metal framing and structural metal stud framing, respectively. Cold-formed metal framing involves using thin sheets of steel or other metals that are rolled into various shapes, including studs, tracks, channels, and angles. These shapes are then assembled on-site to create structural components such as walls, ceilings, and roofs.
Structural metal stud framing is a type of cold-formed metal framing that uses metal studs as the primary structural component. These studs are lightweight and easy to handle, making them popular for interior partitions and walls in commercial and residential buildings.
One of the primary benefits of cold-formed metal framing is its strength and durability. Metal framing is resistant to moisture, fire, and pests and can withstand high winds and seismic forces. Additionally, metal framing is dimensionally stable, meaning it will not shrink, warp, or crack over time.
Cold-formed metal framing also offers design flexibility. Metal framing can be customized to fit a wide range of building designs and configurations and can be used in conjunction with other building materials, such as concrete and wood, to create hybrid construction systems.
Another benefit of cold-formed metal framing is its sustainability. Many metal framing systems are made from recycled materials, which can help reduce a building project's environmental impact. Additionally, metal framing is long-lasting and can be recycled at the end of its life, further reducing its environmental impact.
While cold-formed metal framing offers several benefits, there are also some potential drawbacks to consider. For example, metal framing can be more expensive than wood framing, especially for smaller projects. Additionally, metal framing requires specialized tools and expertise for installation, which can increase labor costs.
So, in summary, cold-formed metal framing and structural metal stud framing are methods of constructing walls, ceilings, and roofs using thin metal sheets. Benefits include strength, durability, design flexibility, and sustainability, while potential drawbacks include higher cost and specialized installation requirements. The selection of framing method will depend on the specific needs and requirements of a building project.
05 4400 - Cold-Formed Steel Trusses
These are prefabricated assemblies made from thin sheets of steel that are rolled and formed into triangular shapes. These trusses are used to provide support and structural stability to roofs and other building elements.
Cold-formed steel trusses offer several benefits over traditional wood trusses. For one, they are lightweight and easy to handle, making them easier to transport and install on-site. They are also extremely strong and durable, able to withstand heavy loads and high winds. This makes them a popular choice for commercial and industrial buildings, as well as residential structures in areas prone to severe weather conditions.
Another benefit of cold-formed steel trusses is their fire resistance. Steel is a non-combustible material, which means it will not ignite or contribute to the spread of fire. This can help to minimize damage in the event of a fire and increase the safety of building occupants.
Cold-formed steel trusses are also customizable. They can be manufactured in a range of sizes and shapes, allowing for flexibility in building design.
One potential drawback of cold-formed steel trusses is their cost. While they offer several advantages over wood trusses, they can be more expensive to manufacture and install. Additionally, installing steel trusses requires specialized equipment and expertise, which can increase labor costs.
Section 05 5000 of Division 5 includes functional metal fabrications,
Which are custom metal products designed for specific functions in a building, such as railings, guards, grilles, and screens. These metal products can be made from steel, aluminum, or other metals, and are highly customizable to fit different building styles and configurations. Metal stairs, which are covered under Section 05 5100, are one example of a functional metal fabrication used to provide access between different levels of a building.
Metal stairs are known for their durability, strength, and fire-resistance, and can be designed in a range of styles and configurations, including straight, spiral, and curved designs. They can also be combined with other materials, such as wood or glass, to create unique and visually appealing staircases.
One of the drawbacks of metal stairs is their cost, which can be higher than other types of stairs. They may also produce more noise due to their metal construction. However, the benefits of metal stairs, such as their strength, durability, and design flexibility, often outweigh these drawbacks.
05 5200 Metal Railings
Provide safety, support, and aesthetic appeal to a project design. They are commonly used in high-traffic areas like stairs, balconies, or ramps. They can be designed from materials like stainless steel, aluminum, or brass.
One of the major advantages of metal railings is their strength and durability. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use and are resistant to harsh weather conditions. Additionally, they are easy to clean and maintain, and can be finished in a range of colors and textures to enhance the building's appearance.
Metal railings also offer versatility in terms of design and customization. They can be tailored to fit a variety of architectural styles and building requirements, including height restrictions and spacing between pickets. Additionally, metal railings can be designed to incorporate other materials like wood or glass, which can enhance their visual appeal.
However, metal railings can be more expensive than other railing materials such as wood or vinyl. Additionally, certain metal railing designs may not be suitable for specific building types or aesthetic preferences. As such, it is essential to consider the cost and design requirements before selecting metal railings for a project.
05 5220 - Barrier Cable Systems
Section 05 5220 of Division 5 covers barrier cable systems, which are often used as guardrails, handrails, and balustrades in buildings. These systems are designed using high-strength cables, posts, and fittings that are tensioned to create a safe and durable barrier.
One of the key benefits of barrier cable systems is their visual appeal. They provide an unobtrusive and minimalist look that can complement a range of architectural styles. Additionally, the use of thin cables and minimal components can help create an open and spacious feeling in areas where a solid barrier may feel more imposing.
Another advantage of barrier cable systems is their durability. They are resistant to harsh weather conditions and require little maintenance compared to other railing systems. Additionally, barrier cable systems can be used in different settings, from indoor balconies to outdoor decks, due to their corrosion-resistant materials.
However, barrier cable systems may only be suitable for some building applications. They may provide a different level of support and stability than other railing systems. They may not meet certain building code requirements depending on the height and location of the railing. As such, it is important to consult a structural engineer or building code specialist before selecting a barrier cable system for a project.
05 5500 - Metal Stair Treads and Nosing
Metal stair treads and nosing are commonly used in commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings where safety and durability are key considerations.
They are designed to be attached to a stair stringer or frame and provide a secure, slip-resistant walking surface. Metal stair treads are available in various sizes and shapes, including rectangular, square, and circular. They may also be custom-made to fit the specific dimensions of a staircase.
Stair nosing is an integral component of metal stair treads that serves as a safety feature. It is a rounded or angled piece of metal extending beyond the stair tread's edge to provide additional traction and visibility. Stair nosing can help prevent slips, trips, and falls on stairs by providing a visible and tactile cue that indicates the edge of the step.
They resist wear and tear, corrosion, and impact, making them ideal for high-traffic areas. Additionally, metal stair treads and nosing are easy to clean and maintain, which can help reduce maintenance costs over time.
05 7000 - Architectural and Ornamental Metal Fabrications
Covers architectural and ornamental metal fabrications, which include a wide range of decorative and functional metalwork used in architecture and design. These metal fabrications can be found in both interior and exterior applications and are used to enhance the aesthetics of buildings and spaces while providing functional benefits.
Architectural and ornamental metal fabrications can be used to transform the appearance of a building. They can be designed in various shapes and patterns, providing unique and beautiful accents that can make a building stand out. Additionally, these metal fabrications can be used to create custom features that are specific to the project, adding a personal touch to the design.
Bok Modern is a great example of a company that specializes in architectural and ornamental metal fabrications. They are known for their impressive work in this field, offering a range of unique and innovative designs that can transform the appearance of any building or space. They work with a variety of materials, including stainless steel, aluminum, bronze, and brass, to create custom metalwork that is both beautiful and functional.
In addition to their aesthetic benefits, architectural and ornamental metal fabrications can also help save money and benefit the environment. For example, metal roofs and cladding are energy-efficient and long-lasting, reducing the need for costly repairs and replacements over time. Additionally, metal is a highly recyclable material, which means that it can be reused and repurposed after its useful life has ended, reducing waste and minimizing the environmental impact.
05 7300 - Handrails and Railings
Handrails and Railings, are important safety features used in buildings and spaces to prevent falls and injuries. Handrails and railings can be made from various materials, including metal, wood, glass, and composite materials, depending on the design and functionality required.
Metal handrails and railings are often used in commercial and industrial settings because they are durable, low maintenance, and can withstand heavy use. They are also versatile in design and can be customized to fit various applications and styles. They can be fabricated in a multitude of shapes, sizes, and finishes to match the aesthetics of the surrounding environment.
The installation of handrails and railings is regulated by building codes to ensure safety standards are met. For example, handrails are required on stairs and ramps to support and stabilize users, and railings are required on balconies, decks, and other elevated areas to prevent falls. Metal handrails and railings are often preferred in these applications because they can withstand the elements and provide a secure barrier for users.
In addition to their safety benefits, metal handrails and railings can also add a decorative element to a building or space. They can be designed to complement the surrounding architecture and can be finished in various colors and textures to create a custom look. This makes them a popular choice for architects and designers who want to create a cohesive and aesthetically pleasing environment.
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