Common Roofing Materials outlines the most commonly used materials for roofing, including metal, asphalt shingles, and clay tiles. In addition, this section provides information on how to install them properly and the characteristics of each material.

The following subsections are associated with 07 0500 - Common Roofing Materials.

The 07 0570 section, Roofing and Insulation Fasteners, outlines the different types of fasteners used to secure roofing and insulation materials to a building. This section provides information on the appropriate types and sizes of fasteners to use for different types of roofs, and the required spacing and installation methods. A fastener is a type of hardware that is used to hold two or more objects together.

The 07 0590 section, Roofing and Insulation Adhesives, covers the different types of adhesives used to secure roofing and insulation materials. It outlines the specific types of adhesives required for different roofing and insulation materials and provides guidance on correctly applying them. An adhesive is a substance that is used to join two or more surfaces together. Adhesives work by creating a bond between two surfaces. They can be made from a variety of materials, including synthetic polymers, natural substances, and epoxy resins. Adhesives can also be formulated to have different properties, such as high or low viscosity and fast or slow curing times.

In construction, adhesives are applied directly to the surface of the roofing or insulation material using a brush, roller, or spray. The adhesive is then allowed to cure, creating a strong bond between the material and the building's structure.

07 0800 - Green Roofs and Green Walls:

Associated Subsections-07 0840 - Green Walls and Living Walls and 07 0870 - Roof Gardens and Vegetated Roofing

These three specification sections all deal with incorporating plants into the design of a building. Green roofs and walls, also known as living roofs and walls, involve covering a building's exterior with vegetation. This can provide a number of benefits, such as reducing the building's energy consumption by providing natural insulation, improving air quality by filtering pollutants, and providing a habitat for wildlife.

Green walls and living walls are similar to green roofs, but instead of covering the roof of a building, plants are grown vertically on a wall. These can be installed indoors and outdoors and help reduce noise levels, improve air quality, and create a more aesthetically pleasing environment.

Roof gardens and vegetated roofing involve creating a garden on the roof of a building. This can provide several benefits, such as reducing the urban heat island effect, improving stormwater management by reducing runoff, and providing a space for relaxation and recreation.

These specification sections involve careful planning and design to ensure plants thrive in their environment. Factors such as soil composition, irrigation systems, and plant selection must be considered to ensure that the plants can grow and flourish.

Overall, incorporating plants into the design of a building can have many benefits for both the building's occupants and the environment. These specification sections guide how to design and install green roofs, walls, and gardens in a safe, sustainable, and effective way.

07 1000 - Damp proofing and Waterproofing:

This specification sub-section deals with protecting buildings from water damage. Damp proofing and waterproofing techniques prevent water from penetrating a building's foundation, walls, and roof. Here are the standard sub-sections for 07 1000 Damp proofing and Waterproofing and a brief description of each.

07 1100 - Damp proofing: Deals specifically with preventing moisture from entering a building's foundation or walls. It involves applying a coating or membrane to the exterior surface of the foundation or walls to prevent moisture from penetrating.

07 1008 - Residential Basement Waterproofing: This section is similar to damp proofing but specifically for residential basements. It involves installing a system to prevent water from entering a basement, such as a drainage system or a waterproofing membrane.

07 1300 - Sheet Waterproofing: This subsection involves installing a waterproofing membrane made from modified bitumen or rubberized asphalt. The membrane is applied in sheets to prevent water from penetrating a building's foundation or roof. Sheet waterproofing works by creating a continuous, waterproof barrier on a building's foundation or roof. The modified bitumen or rubberized asphalt membrane is installed in large sheets that are fused together to create a seamless, waterproof layer. This layer prevents water from penetrating the building envelope and causing damage to the structure, such as mold growth, wood rot, or foundation settlement. The sheet waterproofing membrane is also designed to resist cracking, tearing, and puncturing, which can occur due to normal building movement or environmental factors such as freeze-thaw cycles. Sheet waterproofing is a reliable and effective method for protecting a building from water damage and can extend the lifespan of the structure.

07 1400 - Fluid Applied Waterproofing: Involves applying a liquid waterproofing material to a building's foundation or roof. The material is applied in a liquid form and then dries to create a waterproof barrier.Fluid applied waterproofing is a popular method for waterproofing roofs, decks, balconies, and other areas exposed to water or moisture. The liquid material is usually made of rubber, asphalt, or polymer and is applied using a brush, roller, or spray. It is a cost-effective and efficient way to protect buildings from water damage and can extend the lifespan of the structure.

07 1600 - Cementitious and Reactive Waterproofing: This uses cement-based materials or reactive chemicals to create a waterproof barrier on a building's foundation or roof. Cementitious waterproofing refers to the use of cement-based materials to prevent the penetration of water or moisture. Reactive waterproofing involves the use of chemicals that react with water to create a waterproof barrier. Both methods are commonly used in construction to protect buildings and structures from water damage.

07 1700 - Bentonite Waterproofing: Is a unique type of waterproofing that uses a naturally occurring clay called bentonite to create a waterproof barrier. When hydrated, bentonite swells to many times its original volume, creating a dense, impermeable layer that prevents water from penetrating a building's foundation or roof. Interestingly, bentonite has been used for centuries by indigenous people for a variety of purposes, including as a healing agent and a purifying substance. In modern times, bentonite has found its way into a variety of industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and even wine-making.

07 1800 - Traffic Coatings: This is all about protecting surfaces subjected to vehicular or pedestrian traffic, such as parking garages or pedestrian walkways. Traffic coatings are typically applied to concrete or asphalt surfaces to protect them from wear and tear. Traffic coatings can provide waterproofing values in addition to their primary function of protecting surfaces from vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Many traffic coatings also contain waterproofing additives that help to prevent water from penetrating the concrete surface and causing damage, such as corrosion or freeze-thaw damage. These waterproofing additives can also help to reduce the buildup of moisture within the concrete, which can lead to mold growth and other issues.

07 1900 - Water Repellents: This section deals with products that can be applied to a building's exterior to repel water.

Water repellents can help prevent water from penetrating a building's walls, leading to moisture damage. Water repellents work by creating a hydrophobic surface that prevents water from penetrating into the building's walls. This can help prevent damage caused by water infiltration, such as mold growth, wood rot, and corrosion. Water repellents are available in various forms, including sprays, coatings, and sealants, and can be used on different building materials, such as concrete, brick, and stucco.

The two sections below are closely linked to Div 07 1000

03 6400 - Chemical Grouting:

This section deals with repairing leaks caused by water intrusion. Chemical grouting involves injecting a special type of material into the ground to create a watertight barrier. Chemical grouting is an effective method for waterproofing leaky elevator pits because it can fill voids and seal cracks in the surrounding soil, creating a watertight seal around the pit. The chemical grout is injected into the soil in a liquid form and then reacts to form a solid, impermeable mass that fills the voids and cracks in the soil. This process creates a waterproof barrier that prevents water from seeping into the elevator pit, which can cause damage to the elevator machinery, and worst of all cause you to fail your state elevator inspection!

33 4600 - Foundation Drainage and Protection Materials: This deals with protecting a building's foundation from water damage. Foundation drainage and protection materials include products such as drain pipes, drainage mats, and waterproof membranes.

07 2000 - Thermal Protection:

This section provides guidelines for reducing heat transfer into and out of a building to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. Thermal protection can be achieved through the use of insulation materials, air barriers, and ventilation systems.

07 2100 - Thermal Insulation: This section covers the different types of insulation materials that can be used to reduce heat transfer. These include fiberglass, mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, and others. The section also covers the factors that affect insulation performance, such as thickness, density, and R-value.Fiberglass batt insulation, which is made from glass fibers that are spun into a dense mat, was first developed in the 1930s and became widely used in residential construction in the 1950s. Its popularity grew rapidly in the following decades, as it offered a relatively inexpensive and easy-to-install solution for improving energy efficiency in homes and other buildings. Today, fiberglass batt insulation remains one of the most commonly used types of thermal insulation in construction, due to its affordability, availability, and effectiveness in reducing heat transfer.

07 2110 - Fiber Insulation: Insulation made from fiber materials, such as fiberglass or mineral wool, is discussed in this section. These materials are popular due to their fire-resistant properties, good acoustic insulation, and high insulating power. Mineral wool insulation is made from natural or synthetic minerals, such as rock or slag, that are melted and spun into fibers, creating a dense mat. Mineral wool insulation is valued for its high thermal insulation properties, as well as its ability to resist fire, moisture, and pests. It is commonly used in industrial and commercial buildings, as well as in residential construction, and is often used in areas where fiberglass insulation may not be suitable, such as high-temperature environments or areas where moisture control is critical. Mineral wool insulation is available in batts, blankets, and loose-fill forms, and can be used in walls, floors, and roofs.

07 2120 - Plastic Insulation: Plastic insulation materials, such as polystyrene and polyurethane, are lightweight, moisture-resistant, and have good thermal performance. This section covers their installation and the various types available, including extruded and expanded polystyrene.

04 0570 - Masonry Insulation Systems: This section covers insulation materials that can be used in masonry walls, such as rigid foam or mineral wool batts. It also discusses the importance of proper installation to prevent air infiltration and moisture problems. Masonry insulation systems are designed to provide thermal insulation to masonry walls, helping to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. These systems typically involve adding a layer of insulation material to the exterior of a masonry wall, followed by a weather-resistant cladding system.

There are several types of insulation materials that can be used in masonry insulation systems, including rigid foam boards, mineral wool, and spray polyurethane foam. The insulation material is typically attached to the masonry wall using mechanical fasteners or adhesives, and is then covered with a weather-resistant barrier or cladding system, such as stucco, brick, or stone veneer.

One of the key advantages of masonry insulation systems is that they can help to reduce energy costs and improve the thermal performance of buildings, particularly in colder climates. They can also help to prevent moisture penetration and improve the overall durability of masonry walls. However, the installation of masonry insulation systems can be complex and may require specialized expertise to ensure proper installation and performance.

07 2124 - Extruded Polystyrene (XPS):Extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam is a type of rigid insulation that is made by extruding polystyrene through a die to create a closed-cell foam structure. It is a popular insulation material due to its excellent thermal insulation properties, moisture resistance, and durability.

XPS foam is commonly used in a variety of applications, including walls, roofs, foundations, and under concrete slabs. It is often used in below-grade applications where moisture resistance is important, as it can resist water absorption and maintain its insulating properties even in wet conditions.

In addition to its insulation properties, XPS foam also has high compressive strength, making it an excellent choice for use in applications where the insulation material needs to bear weight. It is also resistant to chemicals and does not degrade over time, making it a durable and long-lasting insulation option.

Overall, XPS foam is a versatile and effective insulation material that is well-suited for a wide range of applications in both residential and commercial construction.

07 2127 - Enclosed Cavity Foamed Insulation: Foam insulation can be used to fill enclosed spaces, such as wall cavities, to reduce air infiltration and improve energy efficiency. This section covers the types of foam insulation available and their installation.Enclosed cavity foamed insulation is installed by injecting a foam insulation material into an enclosed cavity or space within a building's walls or roof. The foam insulation material is typically made of a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate mixture that expands and hardens after it is injected into the cavity. The foam insulation fills all gaps and voids in the cavity, creating a continuous insulation layer that provides excellent thermal insulation, air sealing, and moisture resistance. The installation process is typically performed by trained professionals using specialized equipment and tools to ensure proper coverage and adhesion of the foam insulation material.

07 2129 - Thermal / Ignition Barriers: This section discusses the use of barriers to prevent heat transfer and reduce the risk of ignition in insulation materials such as foam. It covers the different types of barriers available and their installation.

07 2160 - Cellulose Insulation: Cellulose insulation is made from recycled paper or plant-based materials and is a low-cost option that's also fire-resistant and has high insulating power. This section covers its installation and different types of cellulose insulation available. Cellulose insulation works by trapping air within its fibrous structure, creating a thermal barrier that slows down the transfer of heat between the inside and outside of a building. Cellulose insulation is made from recycled paper products that have been treated with fire retardants and other chemicals to improve their insulation properties. The fibrous structure of cellulose insulation allows it to conform to irregular shapes and spaces, providing excellent coverage and reducing air leakage. Additionally, the cellulose insulation has a high capacity to absorb and release moisture, which can help regulate indoor humidity levels and prevent the buildup of moisture within walls and attics, reducing the risk of mold and mildew growth.

07 2170 - Reflective Insulation: Reflective insulation materials, such as foil-faced insulation, reflect radiant heat and are often used in hot climates to reduce heat transfer. This section covers their installation and the different types available. Reflective insulation works by reflecting radiant heat away from a building's interior. It is typically made of a layer of aluminum foil or other reflective material that is backed with a layer of foam or other insulating material. The reflective surface of the insulation reflects radiant heat, which is a form of heat that travels through space without heating the air around it. By reflecting this heat away from the building's interior, the reflective insulation reduces the amount of heat that enters the building, helping to keep it cooler in the summer. Reflective insulation can also be installed in cold climates to reflect heat back into the building, helping to keep it warmer in the winter.

07 2180 - Cladding Attachment & Continuous Insulation: This section covers methods used to attach cladding to a building while also providing continuous insulation to prevent energy loss through the walls. It includes information on various types of cladding and insulation materials and their installation. Cladding attachment and continuous insulation work by providing a continuous thermal barrier on the exterior of a building. The cladding attachment system secures the exterior cladding to the building's structure and creates an air gap between the cladding and the insulation layer. The continuous insulation layer is installed behind the cladding and covers the entire building envelope, including walls, roofs, and foundation walls. The insulation layer reduces thermal bridging and helps to keep heat from escaping or entering the building through the walls, improving energy efficiency and reducing heating and cooling costs. The cladding attachment and continuous insulation also improve the durability and longevity of the building envelope by protecting it from moisture infiltration and damage.

07 2190 - Other Insulation: This section covers various insulation materials that don't fit into the other categories, such as vacuum insulation panels or insulating concrete forms. It also covers their installation and performance characteristics.

07 2200 - Roof and Deck Insulation: Roof and deck insulation involves installing insulation materials on the roof and deck of a building to improve energy efficiency, reduce heating and cooling costs, and provide thermal comfort to occupants. There are several types of insulation materials that can be used for roof and deck insulation, including rigid foam board, spray foam, cellulose, and fiberglass. The insulation materials are installed either above or below the roof or deck surface, depending on the type of insulation and the building's construction. In addition to improving energy efficiency, roof and deck insulation can also improve the durability and longevity of the building envelope by protecting it from moisture infiltration and damage. Insulation materials can also provide sound insulation, reducing noise from outside sources and improving occupant comfort. Proper installation of roof and deck insulation is essential to ensure its effectiveness and longevity, and professional installation is recommended.

07 2280 - Nailbase Insulation: Nailbase insulation is a type of roof insulation that is designed to be installed over existing roof decks or sheathing. It consists of a layer of insulation that is attached to a solid substrate or "nailbase" panel, which is then fastened to the roof deck using nails or screws. This type of insulation is typically used in steep-sloped roof applications, where it can provide both insulation and a solid substrate for the roof covering.

Nailbase insulation works by providing a continuous layer of insulation across the roof deck, which helps to reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency. The insulation layer is typically made of rigid foam board, which has a high R-value per inch and can provide excellent thermal resistance. The solid substrate panel provides a sturdy base for the roof covering, helping to prevent damage from wind, hail, or other weather-related events. Nailbase insulation is also relatively easy to install, and can be an effective way to retrofit existing roofs with insulation without having to remove the existing roof covering. Overall, nailbase insulation is a reliable and effective method for improving the energy efficiency and durability of steep-sloped roofs.

07 2300 - Exposed Spray-Applied Insulation: Exposed spray-applied insulation is a type of insulation that is applied directly onto the surface of walls, ceilings, and other building components using a spray gun. The insulation material, typically made of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, is sprayed in a liquid form and then expands and hardens into a solid foam. Exposed spray-applied insulation can provide excellent thermal insulation and air sealing properties, and can also help to reduce noise transmission between rooms or buildings. The insulation can be left exposed or covered with a decorative finish, making it a versatile option for a variety of applications.

07 2400 - Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems: This section covers exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS), which are multi-layered systems that provide insulation, weather protection, and a decorative finish for the exterior of buildings. Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) are a type of cladding system used to cover the exterior walls of buildings. They consist of an insulation board that is attached to the exterior wall surface, a reinforced base coat that is applied over the insulation board, and a finish coat that provides the decorative and protective outer layer.

EIFS work by providing a continuous layer of insulation around the exterior of a building, which helps to reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency. The insulation board can also help to improve sound insulation and reduce noise transmission between rooms or buildings. The base coat and finish coat provide a durable and weather-resistant outer layer that helps to protect the building from the elements and can be customized to meet the aesthetic requirements of the project.

The benefits of EIFS include improved energy efficiency, improved durability and weather resistance, and a wide range of design options. EIFS can also be used to retrofit existing buildings with improved insulation, which can help to reduce heating and cooling costs and improve occupant comfort. However, proper installation and maintenance are critical to ensure that EIFS perform as intended and provide long-lasting benefits.

07 2450 - EIFS Specialties: Covers the accessories and components used in EIFS systems, such as drainage systems, insulation anchors, and sealants.

07 2500 - Weather-Resistive Barriers: This section covers the use of weather-resistive barriers, such as building wrap, to prevent water infiltration and protect the building envelope from damage. It also covers the installation and compatibility of these barriers with other building components. WRBs are very common in construction because they are an effective way to prevent moisture damage to the building envelope, which can lead to a variety of problems including mold growth, rot, and structural damage. By providing a barrier against wind-driven rain and other types of moisture intrusion, WRBs can help to protect the building envelope and extend the lifespan of the building. They can also help to improve energy efficiency by reducing air infiltration and improving the effectiveness of insulation.

In addition, WRBs are often required by building codes and standards, and can be an important part of the building permit process. Proper installation and maintenance of WRBs is critical to ensure that they perform as intended and provide long-lasting benefits.

07 2600 - Vapor Resistive Barriers: This section is all about using barriers to keep moisture out of buildings. Different types of materials can be used, and they are installed in different ways to create a barrier against moisture. The main difference between VRBs and weather-resistive barriers (WRBs) is that VRBs are designed to limit the flow of moisture vapor, whereas WRBs are designed to prevent the entry of liquid water. VRBs can be made from a variety of materials, including plastic films, foil-faced insulation, and specially treated papers. They are typically installed in areas with high levels of moisture, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.

The purpose of VRBs is to prevent moisture buildup within the building envelope, which can lead to a variety of problems including mold growth, rot, and deterioration of building materials. By limiting the flow of moisture vapor, VRBs can help to maintain a comfortable and healthy indoor environment and extend the lifespan of the building. However, proper installation and maintenance of VRBs is critical to ensure that they perform as intended and provide long-lasting benefits. They can be sheet or fluid applied.

07 2700 - Vapor Permeable Barriers: This section covers barriers that allow moisture to pass through while still keeping the building dry. These barriers can help prevent mold growth and are installed in different ways. The main advantage of VPBs is that they allow for moisture to escape from the building envelope, which can prevent moisture buildup and related problems such as mold growth, rot, and deterioration of building materials. They also help to maintain a comfortable and healthy indoor environment by allowing for air exchange between the interior and exterior of the building.

In addition, VPBs can help to improve energy efficiency by allowing for the escape of excess moisture, which can reduce the workload on HVAC systems and improve the effectiveness of insulation. They can also help to reduce the risk of structural damage caused by moisture buildup and improve the overall lifespan of the building envelope.

However, it is important to note that proper installation and maintenance of VPBs is critical to ensure that they perform as intended and provide long-lasting benefits.

07 2800 - Rainscreen Drainage Systems: Rainscreen drainage systems are a type of building envelope system that is designed to manage moisture by providing a space between the exterior cladding and the wall assembly. This space, known as the "rainscreen cavity," allows moisture to drain away from the building envelope and helps to prevent moisture buildup and related problems such as mold growth, rot, and deterioration of building materials.

The installation of a rainscreen drainage system typically involves the installation of a series of vertical furring strips over a water-resistant barrier or WRB. The cladding is then attached to the furring strips, creating the rainscreen cavity. The furring strips also serve to create an air gap between the cladding and the wall assembly, which allows for air circulation and helps to further reduce moisture buildup.

The main advantage of rainscreen drainage systems is that they provide an effective and efficient means of managing moisture within the building envelope. By allowing moisture to drain away from the building, they help to prevent moisture-related problems and improve the overall lifespan of the building envelope. They also provide an opportunity for improved energy efficiency by allowing for air circulation and the escape of excess moisture, which can reduce the workload on HVAC systems and improve the effectiveness of insulation.

07 3000 - Steep Slope Roofing:

This section covers materials and systems used to construct steep slope roofs, typically roofs with slopes greater than 3:12. This includes underlayment materials, shingles (asphalt, metal, slate, and wood), concrete and clay roof tiles, and natural roof coverings.

Let us compare this roof type to flat roofs.

Steep slope roofs:

Pros: Better drainage, more design flexibility, and a wider range of material options.
Cons: More difficult and expensive to install, may require more maintenance, and can be less accessible for repairs.

Flat roofs:

Pros: Easier and cheaper to install, offer usable space for rooftop amenities, and can be more energy-efficient.
Cons: Limited material options, can be prone to leaks if not properly installed, and may require more frequent maintenance.

Ultimately, the choice between a steep slope roof and a flat roof will depend on factors such as the building's design, climate, and intended use.

07 3070 - Underlayment Materials: Underlayment materials are used as a secondary layer of protection between the roofing material and the roof deck. This section covers the different types of underlayment materials, including asphalt-saturated felt, synthetic materials, and self-adhering membranes.

07 3100 - Shingles: Shingles are the most common type of steep slope roofing material. This section covers the different types of shingles, including asphalt shingles, metal shingles, slate shingles, and wood shingles and shakes. It includes information on the composition of each material and installation methods.

07 3110 - Asphalt Shingles: This section covers the various types of asphalt shingles available, including organic and fiberglass. It explains the benefits of each type and gives guidance on the installation techniques. Asphalt shingles work as an effective roofing material due to their unique properties, including:

Affordability: Asphalt shingles are one of the most affordable roofing options available, making them a popular choice for residential and commercial projects.
Easy installation: Asphalt shingles are lightweight and easy to install, reducing the need for additional roof support structures and making them a good choice for retrofit projects.
Versatility: Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of colors, styles, and textures, making them a versatile option that can complement many architectural styles.
Durability: Modern asphalt shingles are designed to be durable and long-lasting, with a lifespan of up to 30 years or more. They are resistant to harsh weather conditions, including high winds and heavy rain.
Fire resistance: Many asphalt shingles are designed to be fire-resistant, making them a safer roofing option compared to other materials.

It is important to note that their lifespan may be shorter compared to other materials, and they may not be as energy-efficient as other options.

07 3130 - Metal Shingles: Metal shingles are becoming increasingly popular due to their durability, energy efficiency, and aesthetic appeal. This section covers the different types of metal shingles available and information on installation and maintenance. Metal shingles work as an effective roofing material due to their unique properties, including:

Durability: Metal shingles are highly durable and long-lasting, with a lifespan of up to 50 years or more. They are resistant to harsh weather conditions, including high winds, hail, and heavy snow loads.
Lightweight: Metal shingles are lightweight and easy to install, reducing the need for additional roof support structures and making them a good choice for retrofit projects.
Water resistance: Metal shingles are designed to interlock tightly, creating a barrier that prevents water from entering the roof structure.
Energy efficiency: Metal shingles can reflect heat from the sun, reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the roof and lowering cooling costs in the summer.
Low maintenance: Metal shingles require little maintenance and are resistant to mold, mildew, and insects.

These properties makes metal shingles an effective and attractive roofing material. However, it is important to note that the cost of metal shingles can be higher than other roofing options, and they may not be suitable for all architectural styles.

07 3150 - Slate Shingles: Slate shingles are known for their durability and natural beauty. This section covers the different slate shingles available and guides proper installation techniques. Slate shingles work as an effective roofing material due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Here are a few reasons why:

Durability: Slate is a natural stone that is extremely durable and long-lasting, with a lifespan of up to 100 years or more. It can withstand harsh weather conditions, including high winds, hail, and heavy snow loads.
Water resistance: Slate shingles are non-porous and water-resistant, meaning that they do not absorb water and can prevent leaks and moisture damage to the roof structure.
Fire resistance: Slate is a non-combustible material that can resist fire, making it a safer roofing option compared to other materials.
Aesthetics: Slate shingles have an attractive, natural appearance that can enhance the curb appeal and value of a property.

Overall, the unique combination of these properties makes slate shingles an effective and desirable roofing material. However, it is important to note that installation and maintenance of slate roofs require specialized skills and can be more expensive compared to other roofing options.

07 3170 - Wood Shingles and Shakes: Wood shingles and shakes offer a unique look to a roof and are known for their insulation properties. This section covers the different types of wood shingles and shakes. Wood shingles and shakes work as an effective roofing material due to their unique properties, including:

Natural beauty: Wood shingles and shakes provide a rustic, natural look that can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building.
Durability: Wood shingles and shakes can be made from a variety of wood species, each with its own unique properties. When properly installed and maintained, they can provide excellent durability and long-lasting performance.
Insulation: Wood shingles and shakes provide natural insulation, helping to keep the building's interior warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
Environmentally friendly: Wood shingles and shakes are made from a renewable resource, making them a more sustainable roofing option compared to other materials.
Breathability: Wood shingles and shakes allow for air circulation beneath the roof, which can help prevent moisture buildup and reduce the risk of mold and rot.

Overall, wood shingles and shakes make an effective and attractive roofing material. However, it is important to note that they may require more maintenance compared to other materials, and are more susceptible to fire and insect damage if not properly treated.

07 3200 - Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles: Concrete and clay roof tiles are popular for steep slope roofs due to their durability and aesthetic appeal. This section covers the different types of concrete and clay roof tiles available and their installation and maintenance needs. Concrete and clay roof tiles are a popular roofing material due to their durability, longevity, and aesthetic appeal. Here are some reasons why concrete and clay roof tiles work as an effective roofing material:

Durability: Concrete and clay roof tiles are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, including high winds, heavy rain, and extreme temperatures. They are also resistant to fire, insects, and rot.
Longevity: Concrete and clay roof tiles can last for decades, even up to a century, with proper installation and maintenance. This makes them a cost-effective roofing option over the long-term.
Energy efficiency: Concrete and clay roof tiles can help reduce energy costs by providing natural insulation that helps to keep the building cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
Aesthetic appeal: Concrete and clay roof tiles are available in a variety of colors, styles, and textures, allowing for a high level of design flexibility and customization.
Sustainable: Concrete and clay roof tiles are made from natural materials and are recyclable, making them a sustainable roofing option.

Concrete and clay roof tiles are heavy, and may require additional roof support structures to be installed. They may also be more expensive to install compared to other roofing materials. Additionally, the installation process for concrete and clay roof tiles requires specialized knowledge and experience to ensure proper installation and longevity.

07 3300 - Natural Roof Coverings: Natural roof coverings include thatch, sod, and other vegetation. This section covers the benefits of using natural roof coverings and guides their installation and maintenance. Natural roof coverings are roofing materials made from organic materials such as plants, leaves, and grasses. Here are some reasons why natural roof coverings work as an effective roofing material:

Insulation: Natural roof coverings provide natural insulation, helping to keep the building's interior warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This can help reduce energy costs and make the building more comfortable for occupants.
Sustainability: Natural roof coverings are environmentally friendly and sustainable, as they are made from renewable materials and can be easily composted or recycled.
Aesthetic appeal: Natural roof coverings provide a unique, natural look that can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building, particularly in rural or natural settings.
Cooling effect: Natural roof coverings can help reduce urban heat island effect by providing a cooling effect through evapotranspiration.
Noise reduction: Natural roof coverings can help reduce noise pollution from outside the building, making the interior space quieter and more comfortable.

Natural roof coverings require specialized installation and maintenance, and may not be suitable for all climates or building types. They may also be more prone to damage from wind, rain, and pests. Additionally, their longevity may be shorter compared to other roofing materials, requiring more frequent replacement.

07 4000 - Roofing and Siding Panels:

This section covers panels used for roofing or siding applications. These panels can be made of various materials, such as metal or plastic, and come in different sizes and shapes to fit the specific needs of a building.

07 2180 - Cladding Attachment Systems: Cladding attachment systems are used to attach exterior cladding materials to a building's structure. This section covers various types of attachment systems that can be used, such as direct attachment, rainscreen, or pressure-equalized systems.

Cladding attachment systems are a critical component in the construction of buildings. These systems are used to attach exterior cladding materials, such as metal panels, glass, or brick, to the building's structural frame. The cladding attachment system must be designed to withstand the loads imposed by wind, gravity, and other environmental factors.

There are many different types of cladding attachment systems available, including mechanical fasteners, adhesive systems, and structural systems. Each system has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of system will depend on factors such as the type of cladding material, the building design, and the environmental conditions.

When designing a cladding attachment system, it is important to consider factors such as the building's location, wind exposure, and seismic activity. The system must be designed to resist the loads imposed by these factors while also providing a secure attachment for the cladding material.

07 4100 - Metal Roof and Wall Panels: Metal panels are a popular choice for both roofing and siding applications due to their durability and versatility. This section covers various types of metal panels that can be used, such as standing seam, corrugated, or flat panels. Metal panels are a popular choice for building envelopes because of their durability, versatility, and low maintenance requirements. They are used in a variety of applications, including commercial, industrial, and residential buildings.

Metal panel systems can be fabricated from a variety of materials, including steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc. Each material has its own unique properties and benefits, and the choice of material will depend on factors such as the building design, the environmental conditions, and the desired aesthetic.

07 4200 - Plastic-surfaced Wall Panels: Plastic-surfaced wall panels are a cost-effective option for wall cladding that can be used in various applications. This section covers different types of plastic-surfaced panels, such as PVC, FRP, or HDPE. Plastic-surfaced wall panels are commonly used in commercial and residential applications because of their durability, ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness.

There are are a popular choice for building interiors. One of the primary advantages is their durability. The plastic surface is resistant to scratches, dents, and stains, making them ideal for high-traffic areas. The plastic surface is also easy to clean and maintain, which can save time and money in the long run.

Another advantage of plastic-surfaced wall panels is their ease of installation. They can be installed quickly and easily using standard carpentry tools, which can save time and labor costs. Additionally, the panels can be cut to size on-site, which allows for a more precise fit and reduces waste.

However, there are also some disadvantages to using plastic-surfaced wall panels. One of the primary concerns is their impact on the environment. Plastic is not biodegradable, so there are concerns about their impact on landfill waste.

Another potential drawback is that plastic-surfaced wall panels can be more prone to warping and delamination than other materials. This can be a concern in areas with high humidity or temperature fluctuations.

07 4300 - Misc. & Composite-Surfaced Panels: This section covers a variety of panels used for wall cladding, such as composite panels, fiber cement, or gypsum. These panels can offer different benefits, such as fire resistance or energy efficiency. Miscellaneous and composite-surfaced panels offer several benefits for exterior cladding applications. They are lightweight and easy to install, which can save time and labor costs. They are also available in a wide range of styles, including wood-look, stone-look, and metal-look, which can enhance the visual appeal of a building. Additionally, these panels are resistant to weathering, decay, and insects, which can extend their lifespan and reduce maintenance costs. However, it is important to carefully consider the specific material properties and installation requirements to ensure that the panels are suitable for the intended application and can provide long-term performance and durability.

07 4400 - Fabricated Wall Panel Assemblies: Fabricated wall panel assemblies are a popular choice for exterior cladding in commercial and residential construction. These assemblies consist of prefabricated panels that are manufactured off-site and then installed on the building structure. Some common types of fabricated wall panel assemblies include precast concrete, terra cotta, and metal composite panels.

Precast concrete panels offer several advantages, including durability, fire resistance, and sound insulation. They can be manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be finished with a range of textures and colors.

Terra cotta panels are another popular option, offering a unique aesthetic and a range of design options. They are lightweight, durable, and resistant to weathering and fading.

Metal composite panels are a versatile option that combine the durability of metal with the aesthetic options of other materials. They are available in a variety of finishes and colors, and can be used to create striking visual effects.

However, there are also some considerations to keep in mind when using fabricated wall panel assemblies. The panels must be carefully designed and installed to ensure proper attachment and weather resistance. Additionally, the use of prefabricated panels can limit design flexibility and may require additional coordination during construction.

07 4600 - Siding: Siding is a type of exterior cladding that is attached to a building's frame. This section covers different types of siding materials, such as fiber-cement, metal, vinyl, or wood.

07 4640 - Fiber-Reinforced Cement Siding: The standard provides guidelines for fiber-reinforced cement (FRC) siding, which is a popular choice for exterior cladding in both commercial and residential construction. FRC siding is made by combining Portland cement, sand, water, and cellulose fibers, which are mixed together and molded into siding boards.

There are several reasons why FRC siding is a great choice for exterior cladding. One of the primary advantages is its durability. FRC siding is resistant to weathering, insects, and rot, which can help to extend its lifespan and reduce maintenance costs. Additionally, it is fire-resistant and does not contribute to the spread of flames, which can improve the safety of a building.

Another advantage of FRC siding is its versatility. It can be molded to resemble a variety of traditional siding materials, such as wood, brick, or stone, while also offering a range of colors and textures. This can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building while providing the benefits of a more durable and low-maintenance material.

FRC siding is also easy to install, which can save time and labor costs during construction. It can be cut and drilled using standard carpentry tools, and can be installed using standard fasteners and techniques.

07 4660 - Metal Siding: Metal siding is a durable and long-lasting option for exterior cladding. This section covers the different types of metal siding available, such as steel or aluminum, and the various finishes that can be applied. Metal siding differs from metal cladding (see above) in its application and installation. Metal cladding is typically used to describe a broader category of exterior cladding materials that includes metal panels, as well as other materials such as fiber cement, wood, and stone. Metal cladding is typically used to describe the entire exterior cladding system, which may include additional layers such as insulation, vapor barriers, and structural framing.

In contrast, metal siding specifically refers to metal panels that are installed over a wall substrate to provide exterior cladding. Metal siding can be installed using a variety of methods, including vertical or horizontal orientations, and can be finished in a variety of colors and textures.

One of the advantages of metal siding is its durability. Metal panels are resistant to weathering, insects, and fire, which can help to extend the lifespan of the building and reduce maintenance costs. Additionally, metal siding is easy to maintain and can be cleaned using standard cleaning methods.

07 4670 - Vinyl Siding: Vinyl siding is a popular choice for exterior cladding in residential construction due to its affordability, low maintenance requirements, and versatility. Some of the pros of vinyl siding include its durability, resistance to weathering and insects, and ease of installation. It is also available in a range of colors and textures, allowing homeowners to achieve a variety of aesthetic looks.

However, there are also some cons to consider when using vinyl siding. It can be more susceptible to fading, cracking, and warping over time compared to other materials like fiber cement or metal. Additionally, it is not fire-resistant and can contribute to the spread of flames in the event of a fire.

Despite these limitations, vinyl siding continues to be a popular choice for homeowners due to its overall affordability and low maintenance requirements. Its versatility and ease of installation make it an attractive option for those looking to improve the exterior of their homes.

07 4680 - Wood Siding & Shingles: provides guidelines for wood siding and shingles, which are traditional materials used for exterior cladding in residential construction. Wood siding offers a natural and timeless look that can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building. Some of the pros of wood siding include its durability, resistance to impact, and ability to be repaired easily. It can also provide natural insulation and help regulate moisture levels in the building.

However, there are also some cons to consider when using wood siding. It can be susceptible to weathering, insects, and rot, which can reduce its lifespan and increase maintenance costs. Additionally, wood siding can be more expensive than other materials like vinyl or fiber cement.

To mitigate these limitations, it is important to properly maintain and treat wood siding to prevent weathering and insect damage. Proper installation and finishing can also help to extend the lifespan of wood siding and reduce maintenance costs over time. Overall, wood siding can be a beautiful and durable choice for exterior cladding, but it requires proper care and maintenance to ensure its long-term performance.

07 4800 - Rainscreens: are an increasingly popular approach to exterior cladding that can help to improve building performance and reduce maintenance costs. A rainscreen is a system of components that are designed to provide a ventilated air gap between the exterior cladding and the wall substrate.

One of the main advantages of rainscreen systems is their ability to help regulate moisture levels in the building envelope. By providing a ventilated air gap, rainscreens can help to reduce the risk of water infiltration and moisture buildup, which can lead to mold, rot, and other issues. Rainscreens can also help to improve thermal performance by reducing heat transfer through the building envelope.

However, the installation of rainscreens can be more complex than traditional exterior cladding systems, and may require additional design and engineering considerations. Rainscreens can also be more expensive than other cladding systems, particularly in retrofit applications.

07 5000 - Membrane Roofing:

This section covers roofing systems made of a thin, flexible sheet of synthetic rubber, plastic, or other waterproof material that is applied in large rolls. Membrane roofing is often used for flat or low-slope roofs and is known for its durability and resistance to weather and water.

07 5100 - Built-up Bituminous Roofing: This is a common roofing system used in commercial and industrial construction. This type of roofing system consists of layers of bitumen and reinforcing fabrics, such as fiberglass or polyester, that are built up to create a durable and waterproof surface.

One of the main advantages of built-up bituminous roofing is its durability and resistance to weathering and UV radiation. It can also provide good insulation and sound dampening properties. Additionally, built-up bituminous roofing is relatively low-maintenance and can be repaired easily in the event of damage or wear.

However, there are also some cons to consider when using built-up bituminous roofing. It can be more expensive and time-consuming to install compared to other roofing systems, and may require specialized equipment and expertise. Additionally, it can be susceptible to punctures and tears from foot traffic or other activities on the roof.

Built-up bituminous roofing can be a durable and long-lasting option for commercial and industrial roofing applications, but requires proper installation and maintenance to ensure its performance over time.

07 5200 - Modified Bituminous Membrane Roofing: The 07 5200 spec provides guidelines for modified bituminous membrane roofing, which is a type of roofing system that is similar to built-up bituminous roofing but with some key differences. Modified bituminous membrane roofing consists of sheets or rolls of modified bitumen, which is a type of asphalt that has been modified with polymers to provide additional flexibility, durability, and resistance to weathering.

One of the main advantages of modified bituminous membrane roofing is its resistance to weathering and UV radiation. It can also be installed more quickly and with fewer layers than built-up bituminous roofing, which can reduce installation costs and time. Additionally, modified bituminous membrane roofing can be more resistant to punctures and tears than other roofing systems.

However, there are also some cons to consider when using modified bituminous membrane roofing. It can be more expensive than other roofing systems, particularly in retrofit applications. Additionally, it may not be as effective at providing insulation and sound dampening properties as other roofing systems.

Modified bituminous membrane roofing can be a durable and long-lasting option for commercial and industrial roofing applications, particularly in areas with harsh weather conditions. Its flexibility, resistance to weathering, and ease of installation make it an attractive option for many building owners and contractors.

07 5300 - Single-ply Plastic Membrane Roofing: Single-ply plastic membrane roofing, is a type of roofing system that consists of a single layer of plastic or synthetic polymer membrane. The membrane is typically made from materials such as PVC, TPO, or EPDM, which provide excellent durability, resistance to weathering, and flexibility.

One of the main advantages of single-ply plastic membrane roofing is its ease of installation. The membrane is typically rolled out in large sheets and then attached to the roof substrate using mechanical fasteners, adhesives, or both. This can reduce installation time and costs compared to other roofing systems. Additionally, single-ply plastic membrane roofing is lightweight, which can reduce the load on the building structure.

However, there are also some cons to consider when using single-ply plastic membrane roofing. It may not be as durable as other roofing systems and can be susceptible to punctures and tears from foot traffic or other activities on the roof. Additionally, it may not provide as much insulation as other roofing systems.

This can be a cost-effective and easy-to-install option for commercial and industrial roofing applications. Its durability, resistance to weathering, and flexibility make it a popular choice particularly in areas with moderate climate conditions.

07 5600 - Fluid-Applied Roofing: Fluid-applied roofing is a type of roofing system that can be applied in liquid form and then cures to create a seamless, waterproof membrane. One of the main advantages of this type of roofing system is its versatility and ability to conform to the shape of the roof. It can also be applied in various thicknesses, providing additional insulation or reinforcement as needed. Additionally, fluid-applied roofing is often less expensive than other roofing systems, making it a cost-effective option for many commercial and industrial roofing applications.

As always, there are some considerations to keep in mind when choosing fluid-applied roofing. It can be more challenging to apply than other roofing systems and may require specialized equipment and expertise. Additionally, it may not be as durable as other roofing systems, making it more susceptible to damage from foot traffic or other activities on the roof.

07 5700 - Coated Foamed Roofing: This is a roofing system a bit like a layer cake. First, a layer of foam is sprayed onto the roof surface. This foam is made of special chemicals that expand and harden into a firm layer. Then, a coating made of a type of elastomeric material, such as acrylic or silicone is applied to the foam layer. This coating is designed to be strong and weather-resistant, protecting the foam layer from damage.

One of the main advantages of coated foamed roofing is that it can be applied quickly and easily. This means that roofing contractors can complete the installation in a shorter amount of time compared to other roofing systems. Additionally, coated foamed roofing is lightweight, which can help to reduce the load on the building structure.

However, there are some cons to keep in mind when choosing coated foamed roofing. It may not be as durable as other roofing systems, meaning that it may need to be repaired or replaced more frequently. Additionally, it can be susceptible to damage from hail or heavy rain.

Section 07 6000 - Flashing and Sheet Metal:

Covers the use of sheet metal and flexible materials in waterproofing, as well as flashing details around openings and junctions in the building envelope. It includes three sub-sections: sheet metal roofing, metal flashings, copings, fascias, and flexible flashings.

Sub-section 07 6100 - Sheet Metal Roofing: deals with the use of sheet metal panels as the roofing material. Sheet metal roofs come in a variety of materials, including steel, copper, and aluminum, and can be shaped into different profiles and textures. They provide a durable and long-lasting roofing solution that can withstand harsh weather conditions and fire. Overall, sheet metal roofing is a popular choice for many commercial and industrial buildings due to its durability and longevity.

Sheet metal roofing is fire-resistant, which can help to prevent fires from spreading in the event of an incident. This can be particularly important for commercial and industrial buildings where there may be a greater risk of fire.

Pros:

Sheet metal roofing is highly durable and can last for decades with proper maintenance.
It is available in a range of materials and profiles, allowing for customization to fit different design styles.

Cons:

Sheet metal roofing can be more expensive than other roofing options, such as asphalt shingles or single-ply membrane roofing.
Installation of sheet metal roofing requires specialized skills and tools, which can increase the cost and time required for installation.

Sub-section 07 6200 - Metal flashings, copings, and fascias: These are typically made by metal fabricators who specialize in the production of these components. These components play a crucial role in protecting the building envelope from water damage and leaks.

Metal flashings are used to seal the joints between the roof and other building components, such as chimneys, skylights, and walls. Copings are used to cover and protect the top of parapet walls, while fascias are used to cover and protect the exposed edges of roof rafters or trusses.

One of the benefits of using metal flashings, copings, and fascias is their durability. These components are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions and can last for decades with proper maintenance. They also provide a sleek and modern aesthetic that can enhance the overall appearance of the building.

Another benefit of using metal flashings, copings, and fascias is their ability to be customized to fit the specific needs of the building. Metal fabricators can create these components in a range of sizes, shapes, and materials to fit the unique requirements of the building design.

Sub-section 07 6500 - Flexible Flashing: deals with the use of flexible materials, such as rubber or PVC, to waterproof openings and junctions in the building envelope. Flexible flashings can be used to seal around irregular shapes and provide a watertight seal that can accommodate movement and expansion. They are an essential component in building envelope waterproofing and are often used with other materials, such as sheet metal flashings.

07 7000 - Roof and Wall Specialties:

This category includes various roofing and wall-related products, such as gutters, downspouts, expansion joints, roof drains, hatches, and fall protection systems, as well as snow and ice accessories and rooftop grease containment systems.

07 7100 - Roof Specialties: Roof Specialties, also known as Roof Accessories, are specialized components that are designed to enhance the functionality and performance of roofing systems. These components are typically installed on top of the roofing membrane to provide a watertight seal and protect the roof from damage.

Some of the most common Roof Specialties include vents, curbs, walkways, and skylights. Vents are used to provide ventilation to the roof cavity, while curbs are used to raise rooftop equipment such as HVAC units above the roof surface. Walkways are installed to provide a safe and secure access path for maintenance personnel, while skylights are installed to provide natural light to the building interior.

Roof Specialties are available in a range of materials, including metal, plastic, and rubber. They can be customized to fit the specific requirements of the roofing system and the building design.

A benefit of using Roof Specialties is their ability to enhance the functionality and performance of the roofing system. For example, vents can help to prevent moisture buildup and prolong the life of the roofing membrane, while walkways can help to prevent damage to the roofing membrane and improve safety for maintenance personnel.

Another benefit of using Roof Specialties is their ability to improve the aesthetic appeal of the building. These components can be designed to match the color and style of the roofing system, resulting in a cohesive and attractive appearance.

07 6200 - Flashings, Copings and Fascias: This section includes components that protect the edges and corners of roofs and walls, such as flashings, copings, and fascias. They are essential to ensuring the integrity of the building envelope and preventing water infiltration.

These components are available in various shapes and sizes and can be manufactured from different materials depending on the requirements. Copper, for instance, is a popular material for coping due to its superior durability and resistance to corrosion. Conversely, aluminum fascias are preferred for their lightweight and easy installation.

In summary, flashings, copings, and fascias are essential components that contribute significantly to the overall functionality and longevity of a building, even though they may not be immediately visible to the eye.

07 7120 - Gutters and Downspouts: Gutters and downspouts are essential components of a roofing system, designed to collect and direct rainwater away from the building. This section covers various types and styles of gutters and downspouts to suit different roofing applications. In addition to protecting the building's foundation, gutters and downspouts play a crucial role in preventing water damage to the roof and exterior walls. This is achieved by diverting rainwater away from the building, thereby mitigating the risk of water infiltration.

Section 07 7120 outlines the different types and styles of gutters and downspouts available, including seamless, sectional, and half-round gutters, among others. These products can be manufactured from various materials, including aluminum, copper, and vinyl, depending on the building's needs and aesthetics.

07 7140 - Roof Expansion Joints: Expansion joints are used in roofing systems to accommodate building movement caused by thermal expansion and contraction, wind loads, and seismic events. This section covers various types of roof expansion joints designed to maintain the watertight integrity of the roofing system. These joints can be made from a variety of materials, such as aluminum, steel, or rubber, and can come in different shapes and sizes to fit the needs of the building. Properly installed roof expansion joints can prevent damage to the roofing system, prolong its lifespan, and improve overall building performance.

22 1435 - Roof Drains: Roof drains play a crucial role in the proper functioning of any roofing system. They are responsible for collecting rainwater and directing it towards the building's drainage system. There are various types and styles of roof drains available in the market, including scupper drains, overflow drains, and secondary roof drains. Scupper drains are commonly used in low-slope roofs, while overflow drains are installed to prevent water from accumulating on the roof. Secondary roof drains act as backup systems in case the primary roof drains fail. It's essential to choose the right type of roof drain based on the roofing system's design and water flow requirements.

07 7200 - Roof Accessories: A roofing system is more than just shingles or tiles. It includes various accessories designed to enhance its performance and functionality. Roof accessories are essential components that add functionality and protection to a roofing system. They include roof curbs, vents, hatches, walkways, and fall protection systems. Roof curbs are used to support rooftop equipment and provide a mounting surface for roof penetrations, such as skylights or HVAC units. Vents and hatches are designed to provide ventilation, access, and natural light. Walkways and fall protection systems are installed to ensure safe access to the roof.

07 7210 - Roof Curbs: Roof curbs are an essential component of any roofing system that supports rooftop equipment such as HVAC units, exhaust fans, and skylights. They provide a sturdy and stable mounting surface for the equipment while protecting the roof from damage. Different types of roof curbs are available, including metal roof curbs, wooden roof curbs, and insulated roof curbs. Choosing the right type of roof curb is essential to ensure that the equipment is secure and stable on the roof and that the roof is protected from leaks and damage.

07 7220 - Roof and Ridge Vents: Proper ventilation is crucial to maintaining the health and longevity of a roofing system. Roof and ridge vents allow air to circulate, preventing moisture buildup and reducing the risk of mold, mildew, and other moisture-related problems. Different types and styles of roof and ridge vents are available, including gable vents, soffit vents, and roof-mounted vents. Each type of vent serves a specific purpose and is designed to suit different roofing applications.

23 3460 - Roof and Attic Fans: Roof and attic fans are essential components of a roofing system that provide ventilation for the attic space. These fans help to regulate temperature, reduce humidity, and prevent moisture buildup, thereby protecting the roof from damage. There are different types and styles of roof and attic fans available, including solar-powered fans, electric fans, and wind-powered fans. Each type of fan is designed to suit different attic ventilation needs, such as the size of the attic space, the level of humidity, and the climate. Installing the right type of fan is crucial to ensuring proper attic ventilation and preventing moisture-related problems.

07 7230 - Roof Hatches and Smoke and Relief Vents: Roof hatches and smoke and relief vents are important components of a roofing system that serve different functions. Roof hatches provide access to the roof for maintenance personnel and equipment, while smoke and relief vents allow smoke and heat to escape in case of a fire. There are various types and styles of roof hatches and smoke and relief vents available to suit different roofing applications. Some hatches are designed for pedestrian traffic, while others are designed for equipment access. Smoke and relief vents come in different shapes and sizes, depending on the ventilation requirements of the building.

07 7240 - Roof Walkways: Roof walkways are an essential safety component for any commercial or industrial roofing system. They provide a safe and stable walking surface for maintenance personnel and other workers accessing the roof. Different types and styles of roof walkways are available, including metal walkways, fiberglass grating walkways, and rooftop walkway systems. Choosing the right type of walkway depends on the roofing system's design, the level of foot traffic, and the safety requirements.

07 7250 - Pipe and Penetration Flashing Systems: Pipe and penetration flashing systems are crucial to preventing water infiltration and maintaining the integrity of a roofing system. These flashing systems seal the roof around penetrations such as pipes, vents, and skylights. There are various types and styles of pipe and penetration flashing systems available to suit different roofing applications, including PVC, EPDM, and TPO flashings. Choosing the right type of flashing depends on the roofing system's design and the type of penetration being flashed.

07 7255 - Roof Pipe Support Systems: Roof pipe support systems are designed to prevent damage to the roofing system caused by pipes and other rooftop equipment. These support systems can be installed on various types of roofing systems, including flat roofs and sloped roofs. Different types of support systems are available, including strut channel support systems, pipe stand support systems, and curb-mounted support systems. Choosing the right type of support system depends on the type and weight of the equipment being supported and the roofing system's design.

07 7260 - Roof Fall Protection: Roof fall protection systems are crucial components that protect workers from falls while working on roofs. These systems include guardrails, safety nets, harnesses, anchor points, and lifeline systems. They are designed to provide a safe work environment, reducing the risk of injury and fatalities. Different types and styles of fall protection systems are available, including portable and fixed systems. Choosing the right type of fall protection system is essential to ensuring that workers are protected from falls while working on roofs.

07 7270 - Rooftop Grease Containment Systems: Rooftop grease containment systems are used to capture and contain grease and oil from commercial kitchen exhaust systems. These systems prevent the grease from contaminating the roof, walls, and surrounding areas, reducing the risk of fire and damage. Different types and styles of rooftop grease containment systems are available, including stainless steel grease traps, grease filters, and grease duct access doors. Choosing the right type of rooftop grease containment system is essential to ensuring that the kitchen exhaust system is functioning efficiently and safely.

07 7280 - Snow and Ice Accessories: Snow and ice can cause significant damage to roofs and create safety hazards for people and property below. This section covers a range of products and systems designed to manage snow and ice on roofs, including snow guards, which hold snow in place and prevent dangerous sheets of snow from sliding off. Other accessories include ice dams, which prevent ice buildup on the roof edge, heating cables, which melt ice and snow, and roof rakes, which allow for safe removal of snow from the roof.

07 7285 - Snow Guards: Snow guards are essential accessories for buildings in areas with heavy snowfall. They are designed to hold snow in place, preventing large sheets from sliding off the roof, which can cause injury, property damage, and damage to landscaping below. This section covers various types and styles of snow guards to suit different roofing applications, including clamp-to-seam, pad-style, pipe-style, and bar-style snow guards.

23 8310 - Roof Snow Melting: Snow and ice can create significant hazards on roofs, driveways, and sidewalks, leading to slips, falls, and property damage. This section covers systems designed to melt snow and ice on roofs using electric or hydronic heating elements. These systems are highly effective and energy-efficient, ensuring that roofs and other areas remain safe and free of snow and ice buildup.

07 7600 - Roof Pavers: Roof pavers are an excellent solution for creating usable outdoor spaces on rooftops, improving the building's aesthetic value, and reducing energy costs by providing insulation. This section covers concrete or porcelain pavers installed on roofs to create outdoor living spaces, green roofs, and walkways. These pavers can also reduce stormwater runoff, improve air quality, and provide habitat for birds and other wildlife. The section covers various types and styles of roof pavers to suit different roofing applications, including ballast pavers, pedestal pavers, and interlocking pavers.

07 8000 - Fire and Smoke Protection:

This section deals with materials and systems used in fire and smoke protection of buildings.

07 8100 - Applied Fireproofing: Applied fireproofing is a crucial passive fire protection technique used to maintain structural stability in case of fire. It involves applying a specialized material to a structural element to prevent or delay its collapse during a fire. The material used can be cementitious, fiber-based, or intumescent, depending on the application and fire rating requirements.

07 8120 - Spray Applied Fireproofing: Spray-applied fireproofing is a popular technique used to protect steel or concrete structures from fire damage. This type of applied fireproofing involves spraying a mixture of cementitious or fibrous materials onto the surface to be protected. The sprayed material adheres to the surface and forms a thick, insulating layer that protects the underlying structure from the heat of a fire.

07 8140 - Intumescent Fireproofing: Intumescent fireproofing is a type of applied fireproofing that provides excellent protection against fire damage. When exposed to heat, the material swells to form a thick, protective layer that insulates the underlying structure. This type of fireproofing is commonly used in buildings where aesthetics are important, as it can be painted to match the surrounding surfaces.

07 8200 - Board Fireproofing: Board fireproofing is a technique that involves using specially designed boards made of mineral wool, fiberglass, or other materials to provide fire resistance to walls, floors, and ceilings. The boards are cut to size and installed between the structural elements to create a fire-resistant barrier. This type of fireproofing is ideal for areas where aesthetics are not a concern.

07 8400 - Firestopping & Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: Firestopping and fire-resistive joint systems are designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through openings in fire-rated walls, floors, and ceilings. Firestopping involves sealing penetrations around pipes, ducts, and other openings with a fire-resistant material, while fire-resistive joint systems provide fire resistance to joints between fire-rated walls and floors. These systems are essential for maintaining the integrity of a fire-rated barrier and preventing the spread of fire and smoke.

07 8440 - Fibrous Fire Safing: Fibrous fire safing is a type of fireproofing that uses non-combustible materials, such as mineral wool or fiberglass, to fill gaps and provide insulation around penetrations in walls, floors, and ceilings. Fibrous fire safing is commonly used in areas where pipes, ductwork, and other mechanical systems penetrate through fire-rated assemblies, providing an additional layer of fire protection to the building.

07 8500 - Grease Duct Enclosures: Grease duct enclosures are designed to protect commercial kitchen exhaust systems from fire by enclosing them in fire-resistant materials. The enclosures prevent the spread of flames and heat, as well as the accumulation of grease and other flammable substances within the ductwork. Grease duct enclosures are typically constructed using a combination of materials, such as gypsum board, mineral wool insulation, and sheet metal, and must meet strict fire code requirements to ensure maximum protection.

07 8600 - Smoke Containment Barriers and Curtains: Smoke containment barriers and curtains are an important component of a building's fire protection system, designed to prevent the spread of smoke and fire throughout the building. These barriers are made of fire-resistant materials and are installed in strategic locations throughout the building to compartmentalize smoke and prevent it from traveling to other areas. Smoke containment barriers and curtains can be either fixed or moveable, depending on the building's design and fire code requirements, and must be properly installed and maintained to ensure their effectiveness in an emergency situation.

07 9000 - Joint Protection

This section covers products related to joint protection. This includes preformed joint seals and joint sealants. Preformed joint seals are designed to provide a watertight and airtight seal for joints between two materials. They can be made from various materials, including rubber, neoprene, and silicone. Joint sealants are applied in liquid or paste form and harden to form a seal. They can be used in a variety of applications, including concrete joints, window and door frames, and metal roofs.

07 9100 - Preformed Joint Seals: This section covers preformed joint seals. Preformed joint seals are designed to provide a watertight and airtight seal for joints between two materials. They can be made from various materials, including rubber, neoprene, and silicone. Preformed joint seals are commonly used in construction projects to ensure that joints are sealed properly. Preformed Joint Seals are pre manufactured before they are installed.

07 9200 - Joint Sealants: This section covers joint sealants. Joint sealants are applied in liquid or paste form and harden to form a seal. They can be used in a variety of applications, including concrete joints, window and door frames, and metal roofs. Joint sealants come in various types, including silicone, polyurethane, and acrylic.

This section covers products related to expansion control. Expansion joints are designed to accommodate movement between two materials caused by temperature changes or other factors. Expansion joint covers are designed to cover the joint and protect it from damage. These products are commonly used in construction projects to ensure that joints are protected and can accommodate movement.

07 9900 - Roof Maintenance and Repairs

This section covers products related to roof maintenance and repairs. It includes products such as roof coatings, sealants, and repair materials. Roof coatings are designed to protect roofs from weathering and damage. Sealants can be used to repair leaks and prevent further damage. Repair materials are used to patch holes or damage to roofs. Proper maintenance and repair can help extend the life of a roof and prevent costly replacements.

Division 07 Thermal and Moisture Protection

Division 07 of construction specifications deals with building thermal and moisture protection. This means that it includes all the materials, systems, and methods used to protect buildings from heat, cold, and moisture, such as insulation, roofing, waterproofing, and vapor barriers.

Here are the main categories within Division 07.

07 0500 - Common Roofing Materials: